Monetary Crises-Many Books on Money

Monetary Crises-Many Books on Money

      Books on money have, Then, appeared in the greatest numbers at those times when money itself has seemed to be the main cause of economic difficulties. The monetary chaos that followed upon the first World War made many people aware for the first time that monetary stability was not something that could be taken for granted. In the words, a pound sterling, a German mark, an Austrian crown, an Italian Lira, a French or Belgian French, were not necessarily the same things at different periods in Germany or Austria could not happen in this country, such happenings, though they were taking place abroad, stimulated the desire to know why money could play souch tricks.
     In the monetary history of Britian between the wars two events stand out-the return to the Gold standard in 1925 and the departure from it in 1931. Why did statesmen gloomily shake their heads, pucker their brows and rub their chins in dismay in the autumn of 1931 at the mere possibility of Britain being forced off the Gold standard ? were all their dark forebodings borne out by later events ? To try to answer these questions more books on money were written.
     The early 1930s Found the world suffering from the worst trade depression in its history, and there were some writers who thought-and possibly may still think-that is main cause was an insufficient amount of money in the hands of consumers. This was the period when economists as writers on the subject of money were joined by all kinds of other people-from civil engineers to professors of science who be lieved, just because economics deals with things like money that all familiar to everybody, that they were competent to pull to pieces orthodox monetary economics. Though these "money cranks" as they were called because they favoured the large scale creation of money were often very impolite to the orthodox school of writers, there were usually inspired by the best of motives the belief that, in the words of the seventeenth century proverb, "if money be not thy servant it will be the masters". this controversy produced another batch of books on money.

The problem of money today

since 1945 money has again attracted attention. Our present difficulty is not an insufficient quantity of money, but axacly the reverse "too much money chasing to few goods", as one post war Chancellor of the Echequer described the situation. Few words in the English language have been used so frequantly during the past six or seven years as the word "inflation", Which was

Money to be financial

     I hesitate to tell you this, but longer lifespans are a friend to financial procrastinators.
If very many of us are going to live to age 90 or even 100, it’s going to be increasingly common for people to work past 65. If we’re retiring later, then all the earlier financial milestones of life can come a little bit later, too. But we do need to maintain some standards about which financial goals you should reach at various ages. So let’s do a quick survey.

In Your 20s
          If you have student loans, your number one job in your 20s is to . Removing this debt from your life is a key preparatory step for all of life’s next financial steps. If you don’t have student loans, then in your 20s you should, first, build an emergency fund of at least a couple of thousand dollars and, second, address the question of home ownership. If you’re hot to buy a home, then devote your 20s to building as big a down payment as you can.
In Your 30s
         If you’re on the home ownership track, you should be situated in your first house by the end of your 30s. In my generation, people typically bought in their late 20s or early 30s. But with prices so much higher today in relation to incomes, takes longer. No need to worry about retiring with a mortgage: if you take out a 25-year mortgage at 37 and use accelerated biweekly payments, you’ll be mortgage-free by 59. That leaves 10 years to top up your savings for retirement at 69.
One last job to complete in your 30s: start and regularly contribute to a  for your kids.

In Your 40s
         You should come out of your 40s with a good foundation for your retirement savings, be it through a pension plan of some sort at work or  or tax-free savings account (TFSA). I could have slotted retirement saving into either of the previous decades, but one of the effects of today’s expensive housing market is that few people will be able to get into a home and save for retirement at the same time. If you’re willing to work past 65, our longer lifespans mean it’s okay to wait until your 40s to start pounding away at retirement saving.

In Your 50s
           This is the decade where you position yourself for retirement by doing two things – saving heavily for retirement and paying down debts. Ideally, you’ll be at a point in your career where you’ll have the cash flow to save aggressively for retirement. Your goal should be to hit your 60s with retirement savings that are most of the way to where you need them to be at retirement. Finally, aim to be mortgage-free by 60, and to have  within a year or two.

Money of saver Victory

      Savers Money Victory

      

      Savers are set to be given a pensions passport to help them get the best income possible in retirement, Money Mail can reveal.

In a major victory for our campaign, the City regulator is planning to overhaul the existing pensions rules and shake up the information given out by insurers when someone retires.

It is likely to mean an end to the mountains of baffling paperwork — known as wake-up packs, which often total 22 pages or more — that many receive when they want to stop work.

 

       Instead, the regulator, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), wants people about to retire to be given a simple statement, outlining how much they have saved and what type of pension scheme they have.

They can then take this pension passport to official guidance sessions, to a financial adviser, or to a rival pension firm, and use it as the starting point for taking their nest egg.

       And, instead of lengthy wake-up packs, the FCA is investigating better ways for those who are retiring to receive information about their pensions. This could include quotes of an income set out in short bullet points on a single page, or even internet videos they can watch to explain important concepts.

The ideas are expected to form part of a major overhaul of pensions and retirement rules covering advice, sales and products being planned by the FCA next year.

A number of possible formats for the passport are currently being considered by insurance companies, including firms such as Just Retirement and Hargreaves Lansdown, which originally developed the idea.

It is understood the FCA is willing to let brokers and insurance firms agree on an official format for a pension passport, rather than putting in place regulations. However, it could do this if no agreement is reached.

       The passport would simply contain details of one pension held with an insurer. It would describe the size of the pot and any important terms, such as whether there was a generous guaranteed annuity rate.

It is initially proposed that there would be no health or other personal details included, as these further questions would be covered by the planned guidance sessions.

Money Mail understands insurers have already been debating how to make a passport work.

And the idea has the backing of Pensions Minister Steve Webb.

From next April, savers will no longer have to turn their pension savings into an income for life using an annuity, as the vast majority currently do. Instead, they will be able to use it like a bank account, taking chunks as and when they need it.

      But there are risks with this, because savers could end up paying far more in tax than they need to, or spend too much too quickly — and run out of money years before they intended.

To avert such problems and protect consumers, Chancellor George Osborne is putting in place a free guidance service, which everyone will be able to use when they take their pension.

David Geale, head of savings, investments and distribution for the FCA, says: ‘While we have been developing the standards for the guidance sessions, we have been looking at all the other rules surrounding pensions and whether they are appropriate for the new environment we are going to be in. As part of that, we are looking at disclosure and what insurance companies ask consumers, and one of the ideas we are looking at is the pension passport.’

       Finding the best way to get a steady, guaranteed income in retirement is still likely to be critical for most pensioners. It is thought many, particularly those with relatively small pots, will still want to use an annuity. For this reason, shopping around for the best deal will be crucial. This is because the annuities sold by many insurers pay poor rates, or are not appropriate for some savers.

A major report by the regulator into the sales of annuities is expected to be published this week. Before the Chancellor’s pension reforms were unveiled in March this year, Money Mail campaigned for a pension passport for savers.

We believed that the document would make it easier for retiring workers to shop around for the best pension income.

      And it will become even more crucial when you shop around for the right way to take your pension next year, as the passport would give a guidance adviser a snapshot of exactly how much in savings you have. We have also frequently highlighted how people are baffled by the information packs sent out when someone approaches their retirement.

These wake-up packs can be as many as 22 pages long, containing paragraph after paragraph of incomprehensible jargon.

Savers can be left so confused that they then fail to act on important information contained within them.

A thorough overhaul of these wake-up packs is also expected by the FCA, as they are thought to be a major reason why so many pensioners take out poor-value annuities.

In February, the FCA revealed how eight in ten savers who bought an annuity from their own insurer could have got a better deal had they shopped around.

In total, pensioners were missing out on £230million income a year.

Tom McPhail, head of pensions research at Hargreaves Lansdown, says: ‘The current pension rules have not been fit for purpose for a long time and, since the reforms last March, it has been blindingly obvious that a fundamental overhaul was needed.

‘The FCA deserves praise for recognising this and taking steps to make sure consumers make the right decisions at retirement.’

       Stephen Lowe, director at retirement specialist Just Retirement says: ‘Providing people with a pension passport provides them with critical information easily assembled in one place.

‘The pension passport passes power to the customer, takes it away from their existing pension company and makes shopping around that little bit easier to do.’ 

MONEY ( THE SUPPLY OF MONEY )

CHAPTER ONE 

WHY TEACH ONESELF ABOUT MONEY ?

This blog is about money.
      Since Stanley Jevons published his book on money nearly three quarters of a century ago, there has been a long succesision of works on this subject. Before 1914 these Publications reached only a very limited circle af readers since they were primarily intended for economists, for it is only during the last twenty years that the general readers has begun to take an interest in the subject. New books on money have not, how ever, Flowed out from the press in the reguler stream. Instead they have tended to appear in clusters : as, for instance, in the early 1930s, and yet again after the second World War. Two of these periods, it will be noticed, followed upon great wars when the value of money was threatened, and the third was a period of trade depression which some writers thought a more complete control of money might at least have assuaged.

Monetary Stability-Few Books on Money
       In spite of the tremendous industrial and social changes of the Victorian Age, its chief characteristic when we look back appears now to have been the general stability of things in those days. The Victorians themselves were not unaware of this. Though they would have been the first to agree that change must take place-for were they not fervent believers in progress?-basically they considered that they were living in a stable society. Superficially things might change-for the better, of course-but they never expected any fundamental change to take place in their way of life. and to them nothing was more stable than money. It is true that the prices of things in general varied somewhat from time to time, and the in creasing scale of production was gradually making many manufactured goods cheaper than they had ever been before, but price changes were almost imperceptible and show to take affect. It is true also that some bank faliures occured; but as the century progressed these became fewer, and sunch untoward happenings were to be regarded as being due to the incompetence, mismanagement or criminality of a few particular bankers, and were certainly no to be taken to be an indication of the instability of money. The idea that money it selft could fail them, that people could lose confidence in it or that it could become worthless was unthinkable to Victorian England. There were occasional financial crises, but these seemed to affect only a few people in the "City" and not the general public. Parliament interfered as little as posibble, but when it did it was to try to safeguard the value of money. The Bank Charter act of 1844 aimed at restricting the issue of bank-notes the belief that money consisted primarily of cash, though we shall see later that long before the reign of Queen Victoria came to an end cash had ceased to be the chief kind of money in use in this country.
        In spite of some fluctuations in prices and a financial on banking crisis or two, there was then no serious change over a considerable period of time in the quantity of goods that could be bought for a gold sovereign. People in those days never spoke of changes in the value of money. They could not conceive, for example, of a sum of money at one time buying only one-fortieth of what is would have bought at another, as has been the experience of all Frenchmen who have reached middle age. As for the collapse of the German mark and other currencies after the first world war or of the Hungarian and Chinese currencies more recently, such events would have been income Prehensible to all except a few economists of Victorian England. Under the conditions of their time, it is not surprising, there fore to find that people generally had little interest in money at any rate, as a subject of theoretical study.
        As an instrument by whose aid they could satisfy present wants, as something that could be stored and used later to satisfy some future want, as something that could be lent or invested in order to provide them with an income, or as a means to power, they had the greatest Posibble respect for with their origin in many different countries, about money, but most English ones belong to the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. A few are cynical in tone, but most of them express appreciation of the power of money. Consider the following :

• ready money is a ready medicine.
• Beauty is potent, but money is omnipotent.
• Love does much but money does all.
• For age and want save while you may.
• No morning sun last a whole day !

Such an attitude to money could arise only in times when money could be relied upon to keep its value.

Berita hangat ziddu

·         ( Kenya relocating non-Muslims after deadly attacks )

The Kenyan government has relocated 370 non-Muslims seeking refuge at the Mandera military camp, officials said Saturday.
The move follows two attacks by militants in the past two weeks. In one attack they killed 28 non-Muslims travelling in a Nairobi-bound bus, and in the other attack they massacred 36 quarry workers in Mandera.
Mandera County Commissioner Alex Ole Nkoyo confirmed Saturday that plans were underway to facilitate the transportation of 370 people, stating that all the quarry workers had already been assembled at the Kenya Defence Forces camp.
"We are currently having 370 people at the military camp and we are not evacuating them. We are only facilitating those who want to go home and we are talking to the bus owners in this town to see if we can get up to five and we give them police escort along the way," Ole Nkoyo said.
Reports from the border town said all ground transport and three civilian flights that depart weekly from Mandera were fully booked.

·         Russia sends troops to Ukraine border in Crimea

• 

Russia has stationed about 4,000 troops with their equipment and ammunition in north Crimea on the border with Ukraine.
"According to our information, almost all military units of the Russian Federation stationed in the north of Crimea were pushed to the administrative border with Ukraine, Press TV reported Saturday citing the spokesperson of Ukraine's National Security and Defense Council, Andriy Lysenko.
The move comes as Russian President Vladimir Putin said he has approved the establishment of a Russian military task force in Crimea.
Moscow has also accepted a peace agreement with Kiev in a bid to end five months of conflict in the eastern regions of Ukraine.
The new development also came after pro-Russia forces in Ukraine's eastern regions recently rejected a law passed by Kiev that grants limited self-rule to the war-torn areas.
Under the law, Ukraine's eastern regions of Donetsk and Lugansk will be offered three-year limited self-rule.
Pro-Russia militias in the region have been fighting for independence for the past five months.
Earlier this year in March, Crimea's largely Russian-speaking residents voted in a referendum to break away from Ukraine and join Russia.
The Ukrainian government, US and EU rejected the referendum and condemned the joining of Crimea to Russia.
However, President Putin signed into law the documents officially making Crimea part of Russian territory. Putin said the move was made based on international law.
Located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, the Crimea Peninsula is of high strategic value. It is also of importance economically as the peninsula is home to several natural gas fields onshore and offshore, which are connected to Ukraine's pipeline system.

o    Thousands gather to protest secrecy law in Japan

 

About 1,600 people gathered in Tokyo and around 700 in Nagoya Saturday to protest against Japan's controversial secrecy law which was enacted a year ago.
The protesters rallied in Tokyo's Hibiya Park located near the Imperial Palace, and later marched to the Ginza district, the most exclusive shopping district of the city, Xinhua reported.
They said the legislation undermines the public's right to know and helps cover up official misdeeds. They vowed to continue their fight to have it scrapped as the law, which will toughen penalties on those who leak state secrets, is set to take effect Dec 10.
"We will not cower and will keep fighting for the abolition of the law," lawyer Yuichi Kaido, an organiser of the Tokyo rally, told reporters.
On Dec 6, 2013, the Japanese parliament enacted the controversial secrecy law despite strong public protests and criticism. A national survey showed that more than 50 percent citizens oppose the bill.
Under the law, public servants or others with access to state secrets could be jailed for up to 10 years if they leaked them. Journalists and others in the private sector convicted of encouraging such leaks could get up to five years' jail term if they use "grossly inappropriate" means to solicit information.
Taro Takahashi, 58, said its broad and vague definition of what constitutes a secret will only further strengthen Japan's already-secretive central bureaucrats. "We should not make society even darker,"he said.

·         Seven jihadists sentenced to death by Egypt court

An Egyptian court has sentenced seven jihadists to death, including well known jihadi Adel Habara, for killing 25 policemen last year in an attack in Sinai near the border with Israel, Al Jazeera reported citing judicial sources.
The attack took place in August 2013 following the government's violent clearing of two protest camps in Cairo, where supporters of deposed president Mohamed Morsi had gathered to demand his reinstatement. Saturday's ruling came after the Grand Mufti endorsed the sentence. Those sentenced were accused of stopping mini buses carrying the victims, forcing them to get off and then shooting them.

Healthy life

tips healty with fruits

FRUITS

Fruits are nature's wonderful medicines with vitamins, minerals, anti-oxidants and many phytonutrients ( Plant derived micronutruients ). They are absolute feast to our sight, not just because of their color and flavor but help body keep fit and healthy.

These are some of the reasons why fruits are important in health :

1. Fruits are low in calories and fat and are a source of simple sugars, fiber, and vitamins, which are essential for optimizing oue health.
2. Fruits provide plenty of soluble dietary fiber, which helps to ward of cholesterol and fats from the body and to get relief from constipation as well.
3. Fruits contain many anti-oxidants like poly-phenolic flavonoids, vitamin C, anthocyanins. These compounds, firsty, help protect body from oxidant stress, diseases, and cancers, and secondly, help body develop capacity to fight againts these ailments by boosting our immunity cereals, have very high anti-oxidant values which is something measured by their "Oxygen Radical Absorbent Capacity" or ORAC.
4. Anthocyanins are flavonoid category of poly-phenolic compounds found in some "blue fruits" like blue-black grapes, mulberries, acai berry, chokeberries, blueberries, blackberries, and many vegetables featuring blue or deep purple color. eating fruits rich in blue pigments offers many health benefits. These compounds have potent anti-oxydant properties, remove free radicals from the body, and thus offer protection againts cancers, aging, infections etc. These pigment tend to concentrate just underneath the skin.

TO GET HEALTHIER IN LIFE

Want to become a healthier person ? It's all about making gradual changes. Following the tips in this article offer several benefits for you : lower risk of several cancers and diseases, a possibly leaner frame, and the chance to live a long and happy life.

1. Get lots of sleep. in order to maintain a healthy body, you will ned 8-10 hours of sleep every day. This keep you awake and alert, so you don't have to drink caffein and sugar-loaded energy drinks. If you are a kind have early school times, go to sleep earlier on school nights.
2. Laugh and smile! Smiling a lot makes your face looks younger and it feels great. If you laugh a lot, it has been scientifically proven to keep you healthier.
3. Do nothing! Staying in a dark, quiet place without having any stressful thoughts for about ten minutes will leave you feeling refreshed. If you just relax, you will feel better and a probably keep feeling good through the day. Just do this a couple of times a day. 
4. Eat more fruits and vegetables! Fruits and vegetables are an essential part of healthy diet. Try to get a least 5-9 serving a day.
5. Drink water! Good old H2O is the key in making you run throughout the day. Try drinking 8 eight-ounce glasses of water each day. It helps you re-energize and keep going. not drinking enough fresh water leads to acne, headsches, and even dehydration. Do this, and you will stay in good condition.
6. Stretch! It feels great! from when you weak up in the morning, to your gym class, this easy from of muscle exercise warms you up and makes you more flexible. If you continuously stretch each day, you will end up being really flexible and nimble. It keeps you running longer and gives you strength.
7. Run and jog! This dosn't necessarily mean run five miles every morning, but jogging or running for about 10 minutes at an easy pace difinitely will keep you in shape. Try jogging for about 10 minutes 2 times a week. It will keep your muscles strong and fit every day. Don't ever run for an hour and then suddenly stop and sit on the couch for another hour. This will give you terrible cramps and will make it so it hurts to walk the next day. Slowly kick down the pace to a walk, and take deep breaths. Running will get you that A in gym class, trust me!